蔬菜大棚土壤强还原灭菌技术规程 Technical Regulation for Reductive Soil Disinfestation in Vegetable Greenhouses 发 布 湖南省市场监督管理局2021-07发布-02 2021-09实施-0243 DB43/T2086—2021 湖南省地方标准 ICS CCS 67.080.20 B 31 DB43/T 2086—2021 I 目 次 前言 ································ ································ ································ ························ Ⅲ 1 范围 ································ ································ ································ ····················· 1 2 规范性引用文件 ································ ································ ································ ······ 1 3 术语和定义 ································ ································ ································ ············ 1 3.1 土壤强还原灭菌 ································ ································ ································ 1 4 适用地块 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 1 5 灭菌技术 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 1 5.1 时期选择 ································ ································ ································ ········· 1 5.2 前期准备 ································ ································ ································ ········· 1 5.3 施用有机物料 ································ ································ ································ ··· 1 5.4 灌水 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 2 5.5 覆膜 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 2 5.6 高温闷棚 ································ ································ ································ ········· 2 5.7 揭膜晾晒 ································ ································ ································ ········· 2 5.8 作畦定植 ································ ································ ································ ········· 2 6 档案管理 ································ ································ ································ ··············· 2 附录A（资料性） 土壤处理档案 ································ ································ ··················· 3 DB43/T 2086—2021 II DB43/T 2086—2021 III 前 言 本文件按照 GB/T 1.1 —2020《标准化工作导则 第1部分：标准 化文件的结构和起草规则》的规 定起草。 请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。 本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。 本文件由湖南省农业标准化技术委员会归口。 本文件起草单位：湖南省蔬菜研究所。 本文件主要起草人：李鑫、李雪峰、张清壮、张竹青、陈文超、杨莎、张明星、周翔宇、乐熹子 。 DB43/T 2086—2021 IV DB43/T 2086—2021 1 蔬菜大棚土壤强还原灭菌技术规程 1 范围 本文件规定了蔬菜大棚土壤强还原灭菌的术语和定义、 适用地块、 灭菌技术和档案管理的基本要求。 本文件适用于湖南省蔬菜大棚土壤强还原灭菌。 2 规范性引用文件 下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。 其中， 注日期的引用文件， 仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本 文件。 GB 4455 农业用聚乙烯吹塑棚膜。 GB 15618 土壤环境质量标准。 3 术语和定义 下列术语和定义适用于本文件。 3.1 土壤强还原灭菌 Reductive Soil Disinfestation 采用土壤强还原灭菌技术，在作物种植前进行土壤处理，解决蔬菜大棚土壤连作障碍问题的方法。 4 适用地块 连作障碍严重的大棚土壤可应用此技术进行灭菌。 5 灭菌技术 5.1 时期选择 前茬作物收获后，后茬作物移栽前一个月，选择夏季温度较高的时期， 7-8月最佳。 5.2 前期准备 前茬作物收获后，清理田园。准备有机物料。物料标准：作物秸秆利用器械截成 3-5 cm的寸段， 豆渣或菜枯直接粉碎。薄膜要求：采用透明、 4丝及以上不透气的塑料薄膜，长宽依设施内地面尺寸而 定，棚膜符合 GB 4455 农业用聚乙烯吹塑棚膜。 5.3 施用有机物料 有机物料配方：豆渣或菜枯亩施用量： 200kg、秸秆： 800 kg-1000 kg，均匀铺撒于地表，随即用 DB43/T 2086—2021 2 旋耕机进行翻耕，将有机物料翻入耕层中（深度 20 cm-30 cm） ，翻耕后整平。土壤平整程度和相应土 壤环境质量参照 GB 15618 。 5.4 灌水 采用喷灌或漫灌的方式灌水，直至土壤地表见明水，相对湿度达到 100％。 5.5 覆膜 水分浸透土壤后，进行全田覆膜，盖严，不留死角。 5.6 高温闷棚 覆膜后，封闭大棚，保持棚内高温高湿状态 15 d以上，土层温度保持在 40 ℃-50 ℃。 5.7 揭膜晾晒 打开大棚通风口，揭去地膜，晾棚 3 d-5 d。 5.8 作畦定植 根据作物品种整地作畦、施肥，种植作物。 6 档案管理 应建立土壤处理记录档案，详见附录 A。